381 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
381 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
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---
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layout: docs
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title: Reboot
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description: Reboot, a collection of element-specific CSS changes in a single file, kickstart Bootstrap to provide an elegant, consistent, and simple baseline to build upon.
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group: content
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redirect_from: "/docs/4.5/content/"
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toc: true
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---
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## Approach
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Reboot builds upon Normalize, providing many HTML elements with somewhat opinionated styles using only element selectors. Additional styling is done only with classes. For example, we reboot some `<table>` styles for a simpler baseline and later provide `.table`, `.table-bordered`, and more.
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Here are our guidelines and reasons for choosing what to override in Reboot:
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- Update some browser default values to use `rem`s instead of `em`s for scalable component spacing.
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- Avoid `margin-top`. Vertical margins can collapse, yielding unexpected results. More importantly though, a single direction of `margin` is a simpler mental model.
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- For easier scaling across device sizes, block elements should use `rem`s for `margin`s.
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- Keep declarations of `font`-related properties to a minimum, using `inherit` whenever possible.
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## Page defaults
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The `<html>` and `<body>` elements are updated to provide better page-wide defaults. More specifically:
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- The `box-sizing` is globally set on every element—including `*::before` and `*::after`, to `border-box`. This ensures that the declared width of element is never exceeded due to padding or border.
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- No base `font-size` is declared on the `<html>`, but `16px` is assumed (the browser default). `font-size: 1rem` is applied on the `<body>` for easy responsive type-scaling via media queries while respecting user preferences and ensuring a more accessible approach.
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- The `<body>` also sets a global `font-family`, `line-height`, and `text-align`. This is inherited later by some form elements to prevent font inconsistencies.
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- For safety, the `<body>` has a declared `background-color`, defaulting to `#fff`.
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## Native font stack
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The default web fonts (Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, and Arial) have been dropped in Bootstrap 4 and replaced with a "native font stack" for optimum text rendering on every device and OS. Read more about [native font stacks in this *Smashing Magazine* article](https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/using-system-ui-fonts-practical-guide/).
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{% highlight sass %}
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$font-family-sans-serif:
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// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)
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-apple-system,
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// Chrome < 56 for macOS (San Francisco)
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BlinkMacSystemFont,
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// Windows
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"Segoe UI",
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// Android
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Roboto,
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// Basic web fallback
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"Helvetica Neue", Arial,
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// Linux
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"Noto Sans",
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// Sans serif fallback
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sans-serif,
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// Emoji fonts
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"Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji" !default;
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{% endhighlight %}
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This `font-family` is applied to the `<body>` and automatically inherited globally throughout Bootstrap. To switch the global `font-family`, update `$font-family-base` and recompile Bootstrap.
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## Headings and paragraphs
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All heading elements—e.g., `<h1>`—and `<p>` are reset to have their `margin-top` removed. Headings have `margin-bottom: .5rem` added and paragraphs `margin-bottom: 1rem` for easy spacing.
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Heading</th>
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<th>Example</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h1></h1>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h1">h1. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h2></h2>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h2">h2. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h3></h3>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h3">h3. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h4></h4>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h4">h4. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h5></h5>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h5">h5. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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{{ "`<h6></h6>`" | markdownify }}
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</td>
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<td><span class="h6">h6. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## Lists
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All lists—`<ul>`, `<ol>`, and `<dl>`—have their `margin-top` removed and a `margin-bottom: 1rem`. Nested lists have no `margin-bottom`.
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<div class="bd-example">
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{% capture markdown %}
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* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
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* Consectetur adipiscing elit
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* Integer molestie lorem at massa
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* Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
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* Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
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* Phasellus iaculis neque
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* Purus sodales ultricies
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* Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
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* Ac tristique libero volutpat at
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* Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
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* Aenean sit amet erat nunc
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* Eget porttitor lorem
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1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
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2. Consectetur adipiscing elit
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3. Integer molestie lorem at massa
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4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
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5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
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6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
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7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc
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8. Eget porttitor lorem
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{% endcapture %}
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{{ markdown | markdownify }}
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</div>
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For simpler styling, clear hierarchy, and better spacing, description lists have updated `margin`s. `<dd>`s reset `margin-left` to `0` and add `margin-bottom: .5rem`. `<dt>`s are **bolded**.
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<div class="bd-example">
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<dl>
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<dt>Description lists</dt>
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<dd>A description list is perfect for defining terms.</dd>
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<dt>Euismod</dt>
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<dd>Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem.</dd>
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<dd>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.</dd>
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<dt>Malesuada porta</dt>
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<dd>Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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## Preformatted text
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The `<pre>` element is reset to remove its `margin-top` and use `rem` units for its `margin-bottom`.
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<div class="bd-example">
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<pre>
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.example-element {
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margin-bottom: 1rem;
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}
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</pre>
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</div>
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## Tables
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Tables are slightly adjusted to style `<caption>`s, collapse borders, and ensure consistent `text-align` throughout. Additional changes for borders, padding, and more come with [the `.table` class]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/content/tables/).
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<div class="bd-example">
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<table>
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<caption>
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This is an example table, and this is its caption to describe the contents.
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</caption>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Table heading</th>
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<th>Table heading</th>
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<th>Table heading</th>
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<th>Table heading</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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<td>Table cell</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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## Forms
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Various form elements have been rebooted for simpler base styles. Here are some of the most notable changes:
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- `<fieldset>`s have no borders, padding, or margin so they can be easily used as wrappers for individual inputs or groups of inputs.
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- `<legend>`s, like fieldsets, have also been restyled to be displayed as a heading of sorts.
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- `<label>`s are set to `display: inline-block` to allow `margin` to be applied.
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- `<input>`s, `<select>`s, `<textarea>`s, and `<button>`s are mostly addressed by Normalize, but Reboot removes their `margin` and sets `line-height: inherit`, too.
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- `<textarea>`s are modified to only be resizable vertically as horizontal resizing often "breaks" page layout.
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- `<button>`s and `<input>` button elements have `cursor: pointer` when `:not(:disabled)`.
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These changes, and more, are demonstrated below.
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<form class="bd-example">
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<fieldset>
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<legend>Example legend</legend>
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<p>
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<label for="input">Example input</label>
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<input type="text" id="input" placeholder="Example input">
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="select">Example select</label>
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<select id="select">
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<option value="">Choose...</option>
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<optgroup label="Option group 1">
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<option value="">Option 1</option>
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<option value="">Option 2</option>
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<option value="">Option 3</option>
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</optgroup>
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<optgroup label="Option group 2">
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<option value="">Option 4</option>
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<option value="">Option 5</option>
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<option value="">Option 6</option>
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</optgroup>
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</select>
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</p>
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<p>
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<label>
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<input type="checkbox" value="">
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Check this checkbox
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</label>
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</p>
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<p>
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<label>
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<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
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Option one is this and that
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</label>
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<label>
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<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
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Option two is something else that's also super long to demonstrate the wrapping of these fancy form controls.
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</label>
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<label>
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<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
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Option three is disabled
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</label>
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="textarea">Example textarea</label>
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<textarea id="textarea" rows="3"></textarea>
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="date">Example date</label>
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<input type="date" id="date">
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="time">Example time</label>
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<input type="time" id="time">
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="output">Example output</label>
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<output name="result" id="output">100</output>
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</p>
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<p>
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<button type="submit">Button submit</button>
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<input type="submit" value="Input submit button">
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<input type="reset" value="Input reset button">
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<input type="button" value="Input button">
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</p>
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<p>
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<button type="submit" disabled>Button submit</button>
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<input type="submit" value="Input submit button" disabled>
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<input type="reset" value="Input reset button" disabled>
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<input type="button" value="Input button" disabled>
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</p>
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</fieldset>
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</form>
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### Pointers on buttons
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Reboot includes an enhancement for `role="button"` to change the default cursor to `pointer`. Add this attribute to elements to help indicate elements are interactive. This role isn't necessary for `<button>` elements, which get their own `cursor` change.
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{% capture example %}
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<span role="button" tabindex="0">Non-button element button</span>
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{% endcapture %}
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{% include example.html content=example %}
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## Misc elements
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### Address
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The `<address>` element is updated to reset the browser default `font-style` from `italic` to `normal`. `line-height` is also now inherited, and `margin-bottom: 1rem` has been added. `<address>`s are for presenting contact information for the nearest ancestor (or an entire body of work). Preserve formatting by ending lines with `<br>`.
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<div class="bd-example">
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<address>
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<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
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1355 Market St, Suite 900<br>
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San Francisco, CA 94103<br>
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<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
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</address>
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<address>
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<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
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<a href="mailto:first.last@example.com">first.last@example.com</a>
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</address>
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</div>
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### Blockquote
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The default `margin` on blockquotes is `1em 40px`, so we reset that to `0 0 1rem` for something more consistent with other elements.
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<div class="bd-example">
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<blockquote class="blockquote">
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
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<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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### Inline elements
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The `<abbr>` element receives basic styling to make it stand out amongst paragraph text.
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<div class="bd-example">
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Nulla <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr> vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.
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</div>
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### Summary
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The default `cursor` on summary is `text`, so we reset that to `pointer` to convey that the element can be interacted with by clicking on it.
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<div class="bd-example">
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<details>
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<summary>Some details</summary>
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<p>More info about the details.</p>
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary>Even more details</summary>
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<p>Here are even more details about the details.</p>
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</details>
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</div>
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## HTML5 `[hidden]` attribute
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HTML5 adds [a new global attribute named `[hidden]`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/hidden), which is styled as `display: none` by default. Borrowing an idea from [PureCSS](https://purecss.io/), we improve upon this default by making `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` to help prevent its `display` from getting accidentally overridden. While `[hidden]` isn't natively supported by IE10, the explicit declaration in our CSS gets around that problem.
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|
||
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
||
|
|
<input type="text" hidden>
|
||
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
||
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|
|
{% capture callout %}
|
||
|
|
##### jQuery incompatibility
|
||
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|
||
|
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`[hidden]` is not compatible with jQuery's `$(...).hide()` and `$(...).show()` methods. Therefore, we don't currently especially endorse `[hidden]` over other techniques for managing the `display` of elements.
|
||
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|
{% endcapture %}
|
||
|
|
{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}
|
||
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|
||
|
|
To merely toggle the visibility of an element, meaning its `display` is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document, use [the `.invisible` class]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/utilities/visibility/) instead.
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